NIDDM – Non-Insulin Dependent DM

NIDDM or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus constitutes a diverse group of disorders occurring in adults that accounts to an enormous majority of diabetes mellitus cases. It is generally detected among individuals past forty years of age and particularly so in the female gender.

NIDDM Causes:

The causes include:

• A level of insulin resistance noted in the peripheral tissues.
• Irregular insulin production.
• Genetic pre-disposition is a likely risk aspect.

NIDDM Signs & Symptoms:

The symptoms include:

• Recurrent urination or Polyuria.
• Recurrent thirst or Polydipsia.
• Exhaustion and weariness.
• Unremitting skin infections.
• Hazy or indistinct eyesight.
• Prickly sensation.

The signs comprise of:

• Being overweight.
• A family past of adult inception diabetes mellitus.
• Protein being excreted in urine or Proteinuria.
• Ocular problems like retinopathy, glaucoma.
• Vitreous hemorrhage.
• CAD or coronary arterial disease.
• Neuropathic lower extremity lacerations.
• Peripheral vascular disease.
• Giving birth to large babies.

Diagnosis & Tests:

• Urinalysis testing for diagnosing the extent of glucose, ketones, proteins and creatinine clearance.
• An oral glucose tolerance test.
• Glycosylated haemoglobin.
• Glycosylated serum proteins.
• Levels of FPG or Fasting plasma glucose that is take on 2 separate times.

NIDDM Treatment:

The widely employed medications for treating NIDDM are:

• Sulfonylureas.
• Insulin.
• Acarbose.
• Biguanides.
• Those medications for insulin sensitisation such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone.

NIDDM Prevention:

• Wholesome diet needs to be strictly adhered to for maintaining idyllic weight. The daily dietetic intake must be carefully monitored with due emphasis on restricting the excessive intake of calories, curbing the amount of refined or white sugars, alcohol and saturated fats. Raising the amount of fibre in one’s daily diet.
• Including regular form of moderate exercise in one’s daily routine.
• Patients need to learn the means of self-monitoring their glucose levels by employing a glucometer.
• Taking appropriate care of the feet and skin.
• When such individuals fall ill, their insulin needs might rise, hence they need to frequently replenish themselves with ample fluid intake and regularly keep checking their blood glucose levels.

Follow-up required in case of NIDDM:

• The person must undergo a total physical exam on an annual basis.
• They need to keep tabs on the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin, urine protein excretion and fasting lipid levels by undergoing requisite lab tests.
• Regular evaluation of blood pressure.
• Ocular examination done by an eye-specialist conducted at least once annually.

Prognosis:

Diabetic individuals that maintained normal or near normal blood glucose levels exhibited idyllic prognosis.

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